Herzberg's Motivation Theory model, or Two Factor Theory, provides two factors that affect motivation in the workplace. Counterargument to Multiple Intelligences. Some of the styles of leadership include task-oriented leaders, people-oriented leaders, country club leaders, status-quo leaders, dictatorial leaders, and more. Content theories include all of the following theories EXCEPT: a) Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. c) McClelland's acquired needs theory. In the previous example, praise from Colleen's superior is a reinforcer. Answer: B Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 128 Skill: Applied Topic: Elements of Motivation Objective: 1 6) As a Theory Y manager, your supervisor can be expected to do all of the following EXCEPT A) assume that you will be internally motivated. Content perspectives, also known as need-based perspectives, include all except which one of the following theories? There are numerous normative theories that are very useful to emergency managers. This runs contrary to the traditional view of job satisfaction, which posits that job satisfaction and dissatisfaction are interdependent. ("Practice" here is used very broadly to include a specific action, a rule guiding actions, a motive guiding actions, or a virtue of character.) Maslow put forward an argument that said the lower level needs of employees need to be satisfied . All of the following are key components of expectancy theory EXCEPT: We all are familiar with the classical theories of motivation, but they all are not empirically supported. Extinction occurs when a consequence makes it less likely the response/behavior will be repeated in the future. Ethics is the branch of philosophy that deals with morality and how it shapes behavior. Each of these chapters"Psychoanalytic Theory," "Jungian Analytical Theory," "Adlerian . You . Rhodes, spokesperson for ecological theory, argued all of the following except: Analysis of juvenile referral data suggests that the continual delinquency rate may be directly related to: . Process theories of motivation (also referred to as cognitive theories) focus on how behavior change occurs, or how a person comes to act in a different way. 3. Key Takeaways. Long since displaced by more refined theories, hedonism clarifies the idea that needs provide direction for motivation. The word "strategic" suggests the execution of a carefully planned strategy with the intent of achieving a specific goal. Check Organizational behaviour multiple choice questions on unit no. Organization structure primarily refers to a. how activities are coordinated & controlled b. how resources are allocated c. the location of departments and office space d. the policy statements developed by the firm Q2. Even if the virtues in different cultural contexts have the same name, like "honesty" or "justice," they may well be different in their essential content. An individual can maintain any number of those different intelligences, and every person will have varying levels of each. Answer: b) attitude. Table of Content Table of Contents . Within these units of knowledge, or schemata, is stored information. The word "strategic" suggests the execution of a carefully planned strategy with the intent of achieving a specific goal. Second, once we have satisfied a need, it ceases to motivate us. Question 1 Content theories include all of the following theories EXCEPT: Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. Hygiene factors will cause an employee to work less if not present. Hierarchy of Needs Theory It's probably safe to say that the most well-known theory of moti-vation is Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs.3 He hypothe-sized that within every human being there exists a hierarchy of five needs. Four of the most common content theories are. a. Maslow's theory of the hierarchy of needs, Alderfer's ERG theory, McClelland's achievement motivation theory, and Herzberg's two-factor theory focused on what motivates people and addressed specific factors like individual needs and goals. We've written several articles on various content and process theories of motivation that you might find interesting. Hedonism, one of the first motivation theories, assumes that people are motivated to satisfy mainly their own needs (seek pleasure, avoid pain). With every new theory comes criticism from scholars, psychologists, and educators. These factors are hygiene factors and motivating factors. Goal Setting Theory. b. The Corporate Governance is the process of decision making and the process by which decisions are implemented in large businesses is known as Corporate Governance. Process Theories. Reinforcement occurs when a consequence makes it more likely the response/behavior will be repeated in the future. Some of the contemporary / modern theories of motivation are explained below: ERG Theory. 11. Then he chose eight different abilities that he felt would be able to meet the needs of that criteria. . Reporting b. Instead, process-based theories view motivation as a rational process. Encompass social and external esteem; relationships with . Process theories attempt to explain the thought processes of individuals who demonstrate motivated behavior. c. Determine the feasibility of doing additional research. There is less emphasis on the specific factors (or content) that causes behavior. Ensuring that appropriate attention is devoted to important areas of the audit. 1. Teachers can draw on concepts of andragogy to increase the effectiveness of their adult education classes. 61. Health status. Distinctiveness refers to whether an individual displays a behavior in many situations or whether it is particular to one situation. 1. Make sense of observed patterns in ways that suggest other possibilities. All literary theories are lenses through which we can see texts." Deborah Appleman "A very basic way of thinking about literary theory is that these ideas act as different lenses critics use to view and talk about art, literature, and even culture. Freud believed that people could be cured by making their unconscious. In psychology, attribution is a judgment we make about the cause of another person's behavior. We've also written an introductory post of Adair's 8 basic rule of motivation and have a guest post on Reversal Theory. c) personality d) employer. There are four major process theories: (1) operant conditioning, (2) equity, (3) goal, and (4) expectancy. This order begins with the most basic needs before moving on to more advanced needs. Multiple choice questions with answers. A situational crisis is a negative event that places a company and its stakeholders at risk. The two-factor theory (also known as Herzberg's motivation-hygiene theory) argues that job satisfaction and dissatisfaction exist on two different continua, each with its own set of factors. Cultural contextualist theories see virtues as taking different forms depending on cultural tradition. Include all material and physiological desires (e.g., food, water, air, clothing, safety, physical love and affection). Content theories include all of the following theories EXCEPT: a) Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. Functions of theory: Prevents "flukes". Psychoanalysis was founded by Sigmund Freud. 2) The success of each organization is depending upon the performance of. The theories . In exploratory research one does all of the following, EXCEPT: a. The theory also includes a specification of the relations between these constructs in the form of four hypotheses (listed in Table 2), and thereby includes a specification of a causal pathway for the development of the desire for suicide and the capability to engage in serious suicidal behavior (i.e., lethal or near-lethal attempts). Having the technical qualifications to perform an engagement. But managers use theory every day. These needs are: 1. Learning does not happen in the same way or at the same time for all students. All literary theories are lenses through which we can see texts." Deborah Appleman "A very basic way of thinking about literary theory is that these ideas act as different lenses critics use to view and talk about art, literature, and even culture. Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a motivational theory in psychology comprising a five-tier model of human needs. List of Organizational Behaviour Multiple Choice Questions with Answers: Q1. d) Herzberg's two-factor theory. The two-factor theory (also known as Herzberg's motivation-hygiene theory) argues that job satisfaction and dissatisfaction exist on two different continua, each with its own set of factors. Summary: Andragogy refers to a theory of adult learning that details some of the ways in which adults learn differently than children. . Two-Factor Theory. To understand the concept of attribution, imagine that a new friend . Social and Behavioral Theories. Organization structure primarily refers to a. how activities are coordinated & controlled b. how resources are allocated c. the location of departments and office space d. the policy statements developed by the firm Q2. Clayton P. Alderfer's ERG theory from 1969 condenses Maslow's five human needs into three categories: Existence, Relatedness and Growth. d. Test a theory or explanation. e) Locke and Latham's goal setting theory. Part 2, "Theories of Counseling and Psychotherapy" (Chapters 3-15), presents in-formation on the 13 theories selected for inclusion in this portion of the text. Herzberg's two-factor theory. Freud's negative view of human nature. Proponents of universalist theories include Philippa Foot and Rosalind Hursthouse. c) McClelland's acquired needs theory. What we want to know is whether this behavior is unusual. . There is less emphasis on the specific factors (or content) that causes behavior. There are many theories of corporate governance which addressed the challenges of governance of firms and companies from time to time. Content theories tend to: . theories and subsequent cross-cultural/diversity discussions. b) Alderfer's ERG theory. ERG Theory also shows that if the fulfillment of a higher-level need is subdued, there is an increase in desire for satisfying a lower-level need. The theories of learning presented here will provide frameworks to help you make sense of all this thinking and act on it in ways that most effectively support your learning. 2. Stakeholder theory requires organisations to manage community perceptions to survive. Under this category, we will review equity theory, expectancy theory . Attribution Theory: The Psychology of Interpreting Behavior. A valid situational crisis must pose a threat to the business, must be unexpected, and must force the company to make a quick decision. Model of Strategic Learning. It can also pose a reputational risk. According to Attachment Theory, the caregiver in a baby's ideal life is responsive to the baby's needs and is a source of comfort and safety. It basically states that people will do those things for which they are rewarded and will avoid doing things for which they are punished. In 1983, Howard Gardner proposed that intelligence wasn't just dominated by a single, generalized ability. The main content theories of motivation are - Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, Alderfer's ERG Theory, McClelland's Three Needs Theory, Herzberg's Two Factor Theory, and McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y. McClelland's Theory of Needs. Definition: A theory is a statement of what causes what, and why, and under what circumstances. The theory states that humans are motivated to fulfill their needs in a hierarchical order. Competence as a certified public accountant includes all of the following except a. target or direction in expectancy theory is based on: hedonism. Gardner felt that intelligence had to fulfill eight specific criteria. Process theories look at how people are motivated. This runs contrary to the traditional view of job satisfaction, which posits that job satisfaction and dissatisfaction are interdependent. There are various theories which describe the relationship between various stakeholders of the . the different needs that an individual is trying to satisfy. humanistic. In its brief form, a psychodynamic approach enables the client to examine unresolved conflicts and symptoms that arise from past dysfunctional . Answer: Social contract is the key concept of legitimacy theory. an individual's choice when presented with a number of possible alternatives. Ecological assessment may include all of the following except: The Behavior Rating Profile-2 is an instrument which provides all the following except: . Frederick Herzberg approached the question of motivation in a different way. The four personality theories are: psychoanalytic. Erikson's psychosocial theory: a. is a behavioral theory of development. ERG Theory states that at a given point of time, more than one need may be operational. In this chapter we will discuss on four foundational theories of motivation which include: . Another influential humanistic theory of personality was proposed by Abraham Maslow (1970). The theories center its attention on the cognitive processes underlying an individual's level of motivation. Adequate planning of the audit work helps the auditor of accomplishing the following objectives, except: a. Many managers shy away from using the word "theory" because it is associated with the term theoretical which suggests impractical. d. is widely used in psychiatric treatments. Victim, accidental, and preventable crises are all types of situational crises. make the unconscious conscious. al., 1959; Herzberg, 1965). Process theories of motivation (also referred to as cognitive theories) focus on how behavior change occurs, or how a person comes to act in a different way. E) Theory Y and Z combined. This concept suggests that human needs exist in a hierarchy, ranging from physiological needs, on the bottom, through safety needs, social needs, esteem needs, and finally self-actualization needs at the top. 1) The job satisfaction of an employee depends on the. Distinctiveness. During infancy and early childhood, children learn the early skills that they . Maslow and the Study of Self-Actualizing People: . "Literary theories were developed as a means to understand the various ways people read texts. Learning is the change in knowledge, behavior, or understanding that occurs when people make connections between new information and their existing knowledge. can you provide an analysis of the case Harley- Davidson Inc- The analysis must include The Links between Resources, Capabilities, and Competitive Advantage. That is all. e) Locke and Latham's goal setting theory. a conscious thought and motivations, and by that gaining "insight". Many of the neo-Freudians felt that Freud's theories focus too heavily on psychopathology, sex, and childhood experiences. All of these theories help point to the goals, morals, interest, choices and human perceptions which contribute to implications of individual behavior. ** 16. Physiological: Includes hunger, thirst, shelter, sex, and other bod-ily needs 2. behaviorist theory. Not all are measurable through the ever-popular IQ IQ test. 1 . Framed in this way, all empirical social sciences research involves theories and methods, whether they are stated explicitly or not. While . An individual's personality causes them to react to certain scenarios and people. Theory of mind (ToM) is the ability to attribute mental states to ourselves and others, serving as one of the foundational elements for social interaction. Multiple Choice Equity theory McClelland's acquired needs theory Deci and Ryan's self-determination theory Herzberg's two-factor theory Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory There are four major ethical theories: deontology (or duty), utilitarianism, rights, and virtue. Describe the key constructs of four theories that are often used in public health Simply put, schema theory states that all knowledge is organized into units. Question 16:- All of the following are content theories except: a) operant conditioning b) SDT theory c) ERG theory d) Motivator/Hygiene theory . Content Theories of Motivation.